Bain & Company's sixth annual Global Technology Report, published in 2025, estimates that AI infrastructure demand could require roughly 200 gigawatts of incremental global compute capacity by 2030 and close to $2 trillion in new annual revenue to fund it, while noting that typical enterprise generative AI deployments still show relatively modest productivity gains of around 10 to 15 percent.
The report's juxtaposition of enormous projected infrastructure spending against comparatively modest realized productivity gains has made it a frequently cited counterpoint to more bullish AI-ROI narratives.